共晶体系是指两种或两种以上组分的混合物，其凝固温度单一且低于任何一种组分的熔点。这种特定的组成成分即为共晶点。冷却后，共晶液相转变成细小的固相混合物，通常具有特征性的层状（层状）微观结构。
共晶系统
1884
- Frederick Guthrie
The concept of a eutectic system is best visualized using a binary phase diagram, which plots temperature against composition. The eutectic point is the specific composition and temperature at which the liquid phase is in equilibrium with two solid phases. For a binary system of components A and B, the eutectic reaction is represented as [latex]L \rightleftharpoons \alpha + \beta[/latex], where L is the liquid phase, and [latex]\alpha[/latex] and [latex]\beta[/latex] are two different solid phases (rich in A and B, respectively). This invariant reaction occurs at a constant temperature, the eutectic temperature.
The low melting point of eutectic alloys is highly advantageous for casting, as it reduces the energy required and minimizes thermal 强调 on molds. The microstructure formed during eutectic solidification is typically a fine, intimate mixture of the solid phases, such as alternating layers (lamellae) of [latex]\alpha[/latex] and [latex]\beta[/latex]. This fine microstructure can impart unique mechanical properties, such as high strength and wear resistance, as seen in cast iron where the eutectic structure consists of ferrite and cementite. Compositions other than the eutectic are termed hypoeutectic or hypereutectic, and they begin to solidify by precipitating one of the primary solid phases before reaching the eutectic temperature, where the remaining liquid then undergoes the eutectic transformation.
UNESCO Nomenclature: 3308
– Metallurgy
类型
物理现象
中断
实质性
使用方法
广泛使用
前体
- 水溶液凝固点降低的研究
- 量热法等热分析技术的发展
- josiah willard gibbs’ work on phase equilibria and the phase rule
- 用于观察微观结构的早期金相学
应用
- 用于连接电子元件的铅锡和无铅焊料
- casting of complex shapes using cast iron, which is a near-eutectic iron-carbon alloy
- 用于高温连接异种金属的钎焊合金
- 用于热能存储的相变材料
- production of galinstan, a non-toxic liquid metal alloy at room temperature
专利：
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