家 » 德拜力（偶极子诱导偶极子相互作用）

德拜力（偶极子诱导偶极子相互作用）

1920

Peter Debye

An attractive intermolecular force between a polar molecule (with a permanent dipole) and a nonpolar molecule. The electric field from the permanent dipole distorts the electron cloud of the nonpolar molecule, inducing a temporary dipole in it. The two dipoles then attract each other. The interaction potential energy is [latex]V \propto -\frac{\alpha \mu^2}{r^6}[/latex], where [latex]\alpha[/latex] is polarizability and [latex]\mu[/latex] is the permanent dipole moment.

The Debye force, also known as the induction force, explains how a polar molecule can attract a nonpolar one. A polar molecule possesses a permanent electric dipole, which creates an electric field in its vicinity. When a nonpolar molecule enters this field, its electron cloud is distorted—electrons are pushed away from the negative end of the dipole and pulled toward the positive end. This separation of charge creates a temporary, ‘induced’ dipole in the nonpolar molecule. The interaction is always attractive because the induced dipole is always oriented favorably with respect to the permanent dipole that created it.

Unlike the Keesom force, the Debye force is not dependent on temperature. This is because the induced dipole is created by the permanent dipole and follows its orientation instantaneously, so thermal tumbling of the permanent dipole does not average out the attraction. The strength of the Debye force depends on two factors: the magnitude of the permanent dipole moment ([latex]\mu[/latex]) of the polar molecule and the polarizability ([latex]\alpha[/latex]) of the nonpolar molecule. While generally weaker than dipole-dipole forces, Debye forces are essential for understanding the behavior of mixtures containing both polar and nonpolar components.

化学, 环境影响, 环境技术, 表面张力, 可持续实践

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2202

– Atomic and molecular physics

类型

物理法

中断

递增

使用方法

广泛使用

前体

经典电动力学和电场的概念
永久电偶极矩理论
原子和分子极化率的概念

应用

解释非极性气体（如氧气或氮气）在极性溶剂（如水）中的溶解度
模拟极性和非极性物质混合物中的相互作用
了解溶液中离子周围溶剂化壳的形成
极性和非极性表面之间的粘附

专利：

潜在的创新想法

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Related to: Debye force, dipole-induced dipole, induction force, polarizability, permanent dipole, intermolecular force, nonpolar molecules, polar molecules, solvation, Van der Waals.