The London dispersion force (LDF) is the weakest type of वैन डेर वाल्स force, arising from quantum mechanical fluctuations in the electron clouds of atoms and molecules. These fluctuations create temporary, instantaneous dipoles that induce corresponding dipoles in neighboring atoms, resulting in a net attractive force. The interaction potential energy [latex]V[/latex] between two atoms at distance [latex]r[/latex] is approximately [latex]V = -\frac{C_6}{r^6}[/latex].





