用于评估工作任务对上肢造成的生物力学和姿势负荷的观察筛选工具。
- 方法： 精益西格玛, 制造业, 解决问题, 质量
快速上肢评估（RULA）
快速上肢评估（RULA）
- 持续改进, 人体工程学, 人为因素, Human-Centered Design, 流程改进, 质量管理, 风险管理, 安全
目标
如何使用
- 评估颈部、躯干和上肢的姿势、力量和肌肉使用情况。针对不同的身体部位进行评分，然后将这些评分合并成一个单一的分数，以显示 MSD 风险水平。
优点
- 只需最少的设备即可快速、方便地使用；提供了一个清晰的评分系统，用于确定人体工程学干预措施的优先次序；得到广泛使用和认可。
缺点
- 主要是一种筛查工具，对于复杂的工作可能需要更详细的分析；如果没有经过适当的培训，观察者之间的可靠性可能是一个问题；主要侧重于上肢。
类别
- 人体工程学
最适合：
- 快速评估上肢肌肉骨骼疾病的姿势风险。
RULA is frequently utilized in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and office environments for assessing ergonomics and preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The methodology is particularly valuable during the design phase of new workspaces or the evaluation of existing setups, allowing engineers and designers to integrate ergonomic principles directly into their projects. Teams often consist of ergonomists, health and safety officers, and workplace designers who collaborate to analyze work tasks and identify potential risks associated with upper limb positioning and movement. This tool can be applied during job assessments or when implementing new technologies and workflows, providing rapid evaluations that inform interventions like 工作站 redesign, tool modifications, and staff training programs. Its ease of use makes it suitable for on-site assessments, where staff can quickly learn the methodology and apply it to various scenarios, ultimately promoting a safer work environment. Utilizing RULA can lead to decreased worker absenteeism due to injuries and can enhance productivity by ensuring that employees are less physically strained during their tasks, maintaining a comfortable and efficient working posture throughout their shifts.
该方法的关键步骤
- 观察工人执行任务时的姿势和身体位置。
- 根据观察到的姿势确定手臂、手腕和颈部的角度。
- 评估每个职位的接触时间，以评估风险水平。
- 考虑到上肢在执行任务时所施加的力量。
- 评估工具和设备的使用情况，以确定是否存在人体工程学缺陷。
- 使用 RULA 评分系统对不同身体部位的观察结果进行评分。
- 综合各分段得分，确定 RULA 总分。
- 将总分划分为肌肉骨骼疾病风险类别。
专业提示
- 在工人执行任务时实时进行 RULA 评估，捕捉动态姿势变化，更准确地反映工作量。
- Integrate findings from RULA with other ergonomic assessment tools, such as OWAS or REBA, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of musculoskeletal risks.
- 根据最新的人体工程学研究和组织变革，定期审查和更新 RULA 评分标准，以保持其相关性和准确性。
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