Product Design, Manufacturing & Innovation Resources
» The Gas Liquefaction Cascade Process

The Gas Liquefaction Cascade Process

1877
  • Raoul Pictet
  • Louis Paul Cailletet
빈티지 극저온 장비로 가스 액화 캐스케이드 프로세스를 보여주는 역사적인 실험실.

(설명을 위한 생성된 이미지입니다)

This gas liquefaction process, pioneered by Raoul Pictet, liquefies a gas by using a series of other gases with progressively lower boiling points. The first gas is liquefied by 압력 at ambient temperature. Its evaporation is then used to cool and liquefy a second, more volatile gas, which in turn is used to cool and liquefy the target gas, creating a ‘cascade’ of cooling stages.

Raoul Pictet’s apparatus in 1877 was a landmark achievement. He used sulfur dioxide (SO2), which liquefies at -10 °C under pressure, as the first stage. By allowing the liquid SO2 to evaporate, he cooled carbon dioxide (CO2) below its critical temperature, allowing it to be liquefied. The evaporating liquid CO2, which boils at -78 °C, then provided the intense cold needed to cool oxygen gas below its critical temperature (-118 °C). By subjecting this cold oxygen gas to very high pressure, Pictet produced the first visible droplets of liquid oxygen. Louis Paul Cailletet achieved a similar result independently at the same time using a different method. The cascade method is thermodynamically efficient but complex, requiring multiple refrigeration circuits with different refrigerants. It was a crucial step before the development of more integrated systems like the Hampson-Linde cycle, and its principles are still applied in modern multi-stage refrigeration cycles, particularly in large-scale LNG production.

UNESCO Nomenclature: 2212
열역학

유형

화학 공정

분열

상당한

용법

널리 사용됨

전구체

  • Discovery of critical temperatures (Thomas Andrews)
  • Michael Faraday’s work on liquefying gases like chlorine and ammonia
  • Understanding of latent heat of vaporization
  • Development of mechanical compressors and pumps

응용 프로그램

  • liquefaction of natural gas (LNG) in large-scale plants
  • early liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen
  • scientific research requiring multiple cryogenic temperature stages
  • industrial gas separation processes
  • multi-stage refrigeration systems

특허:

NA

잠재적 혁신 아이디어

현재 하루 4만 건이 넘는 봇 트래픽을 차단하기 위해 이 콘텐츠는 커뮤니티 회원만 이용할 수 있습니다.
> 로그인 < 또는 >등록 < 이 콘텐츠를 비롯한 모든 제한된 콘텐츠와 도구는 (100% 무료로) 이용할 수 있습니다.

Related to: cascade process, liquefaction, Raoul Pictet, cryogenics, refrigeration cycle, boiling point, oxygen, phase change, multi-stage cooling, thermodynamics.

역사적 맥락

The Gas Liquefaction Cascade Process

1869
1871
1876
1877
1880
1882-01-01
1884
1868
1870
1873
1877
1880
1882-01-01
1883
1884

(날짜를 알 수 없거나 관련이 없는 경우, 예를 들어 "유체역학"의 경우, 주목할 만한 등장 시기를 대략적으로 추정하여 제공합니다.)

관련 발명, 혁신 및 기술 원칙

고화질 이미지 및 다운로드는 등록된 회원에게만 100% 무료로 제공됩니다.

> 로그인 <