Photovoltaic refers to the technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the use of semiconductor materials that exhibit the फोटोवोल्टिक प्रभाव. This innovation plays a crucial role in sustainable energy solutions by enabling the harnessing of solar energy for various applications, from residential power systems to large-scale solar farms. In product design and production, photovoltaic systems are integrated into various devices and infrastructures, promoting energy efficiency and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.